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A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags

Md Tanvir ALAM, Baiqian DAI, Xiaojiang WU, Andrew HOADLEY, Lian ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 46-67 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0807-8

摘要： Gasification or combustion of coal and biomass is the most important form of power generation today. However, the use of coal/biomass at high temperatures has an inherent problem related to the ash generated. The formation of ash leads to a problematic phenomenon called slagging. Slagging is the accumulation of molten ash on the walls of the furnace, gasifier, or boiler and is detrimental as it reduces the heat transfer rate, and the combustion/gasification rate of unburnt carbon, causes mechanical failure, high-temperature corrosion and on occasions, superheater explosions. To improve the gasifier/combustor facility, it is very important to understand the key ash properties, slag characteristics, viscosity and critical viscosity temperature. This paper reviews the content, compositions, and melting characteristics of ashes in differently ranked coal and biomass, and discusses the formation mechanism, characteristics, and structure of slag. In particular, this paper focuses on low-rank coal and biomass that have been receiving increased attention recently. Besides, it reviews the available methodologies and formulae for slag viscosity measurement/prediction and summarizes the current limitations and potential applications. Moreover, it discusses the slagging behavior of different ranks of coal and biomass by examining the applicability of the current viscosity measurement methods to these fuels, and the viscosity prediction models and factors that affect the slag viscosity. This review shows that the existing viscosity models and slagging indices can only satisfactorily predict the viscosity and slagging propensity of high-rank coals but cannot predict the slagging propensity and slag viscosity of low-rank coal, and especially biomass ashes, even if they are limited to a particular composition only. Thus, there is a critical need for the development of an index, or a model or even a measurement method, which can predict/measure the slagging propensity and slag viscosity correctly for all low-rank coal and biomass ashes.

关键词： slag     viscosity     biomass     low-rank coal     combustion     gasification    

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Investigation on the performance and detoxification of modified low temperature coal tar pitch

Fengyan SUN, Yu LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 315-321 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0386-x

摘要： In this paper, studies on the modification on the low temperature coal tar pitch extracted from coal tar residue in Inner Mongolia are conducted. First, the low temperature coal tar pitch in liquid state is solidified with a higher softening point by chemical crosslinking modification. The modified coal tar pitch can achieve the standard pavement performance requirements. Then, the effects of chemical crosslinking agent and physical modification additives on the mechanical performance and toxic properties of coal tar pitch are investigated. The detoxification mechanism is also studied, which further promote the applicability of modified low temperature coal tar pitch in the pavement constructions.

关键词： coal tar pitch     low temperature     modification     detoxification    

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Impact of “ultra low emission” technology of coal-fired power on PM

Xiao LIU, Zhilin LIU, Weidong JIAO, Xuan LI, Jintai LIN, Anthony KU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 235-239 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0518-y

摘要： In response to severe haze pollution, the Chinese government has announced a series of policies focusing on controlling emissions from coal consumption. “Ultra-low emission” (ULE) technologies have the potential to dramatically reduce emissions from coal-fired power plants, and have been deployed at some facilities in recent years. This paper estimated the potential environmental benefits of the widespread adoption of ULE in the Jing-Jin-Ji Region. Atmospheric modeling scenarios were analyzed for three cases: a “standard” scenario assuming no ULE deployment, a “best case” scenario assuming complete adoption of ULE across all power plants in the region, and a “natural gas” scenario, assuming emissions factors consistent with natural gas-fired power generation. The simulations show that the widespread adoption of ULE technologies can be an effective and economically competitive option for reducing the impacts of coal-fired power generation on air quality.

关键词： air quality     atmospheric model     coal     Jing-Jin-Ji Region     PM2.5     ultra-low emissions    

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Practice on Ultra-low Emission and Energy Efficient Technologies in Coal-fired Power Plants

Yin-biao Chen,Yi Zhang,Wen Ling

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第4期   页码 377-383 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016045

摘要： Restructuring of China’s energy mix is accelerating due to factors such as energy security, economic cost, climate change and environmental pressure. Efficient and clean utilization of coal-generated power therefore plays an increasingly important role in solving energy and environmental problems in China. Coal-fired power plants, with Shenhua Guohua Sanhe as one of the pioneers, followed trend of this era and adopted multiple ultra-low emission and energy efficient technologies, striving to be an industry leader in environmental protection, profitability and innovation. As a result, coal-fired power plants have seen ultra-low emissions of air pollutants and record-high energy efficiency, opening up a new era of more efficient and cleaner coal generation. By the end of 2015, Shenhua Group had had 45 ultra-low emission coal units, providing strong support for implementing of the national policy on ultra-low emission and energy efficient retrofit of coal-fired power plants across China.

关键词： coal     power generation     ultra-low emission     energy efficiency    

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Synergistic utilization of coal and other energy – Key to low carbon economy

Weidou NI, Zhen CHEN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第1期   页码 1-19 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0136-4

摘要： In China, coal is a dominant component of energy mix, and it is expected to remain as such over the next 30 to 40 years. Coal is expected to be used even more in power generation. The direct combustion of coal already has been causing severe pollution and ecological degradation, and it is quite difficult to address the need to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) given the direct combustion of coal. Therefore, the polygeneration system based on coal gasification, which is one of the major examples of synergistic utilization of coal, is proposed. It is a comprehensive solution to meet the energy challenges China is facing. Furthermore, the synergy of fossil fuels (especially coal) with renewable energy, the synergy of different kinds of energy for energy storage, the synergy of centralized and distributed supply of different kinds of energy, and the synergy of different kinds of energy in smart energy grid (power, gas, heat, and water) are the keys to making China a low-carbon economy. Carbon dioxide (CO ) mitigation in China should begin from the coal-chemical industry given their accumulated relevant experiences. The mitigation process should gradually be transformed into the “IGCC+ polygeneration+ CCUS”. The objectives of this paper are to describe the synergistic utilization of coal, and to analyze the synergy of coal with other energy resources, and to propose the scientific and technological problems to achieve these synergies.

关键词： synergy     clean and efficient utilization of coal     coal-based polygenration     CO2 mitigation     energy storage    

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An experimental study on ignition of single coal particles at low oxygen concentrations

Wantao YANG, Yang ZHANG, Lilin HU, Junfu LYU, Hai ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第1期   页码 38-45 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0692-1

摘要： An experimental study on the ignition of single coal particles at low oxygen concentrations ( <21%) was conducted using a tube furnace. The surface temperature ( ) and the center temperature ( ) of the coal particles were obtained from the images taken by an infrared camera and thermocouples respectively. The ignition processes were recorded by a high-speed camera at different values and furnace temperatures . Compared with literature experimental data obtained at a high value, the ignition delay time decreases more rapidly as increases at the low region. The responses of and to the variation of are different: decreases while remains nearly constant with increasing at a low value. In addition, is less sensitive to while the ignition temperature is more sensitive to at a low value than in air. Observations of the position of flame front evolution illustrate that the ignition of a coal particle may change from a homogeneous mode to a heterogeneous or combined ignition mode as decreases. At a low value, buoyancy plays a more significant role in sweeping away the released volatiles during the ignition process.

关键词： coal particles     low oxygen concentration     ignition     ignition temperature     ignition modes    

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基于正定约束广义秩信号模型的低复杂度稳健自适应算法 Article

Yu-tang ZHU,Yong-bo ZHAO,Jun LIU,Peng-lang SHUI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1245-1252 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1601112

摘要： 本文针对广义秩信号模型提出一种低复杂度的稳健自适应波束形成算法，用来抑制期望信号的阵列响应失配和接收信号的协方差矩阵失配。该波束形成算法不仅考虑期望信号以及接收信号协方差矩阵不确定集的范数有界性，还保证期望信号协方差矩阵的正定性。最终，本文在最差性能优化准则下推出一个计算简单的闭式加权矢量。计算机仿真结果验证了所提波束形成算法的有效性和稳健性。

关键词： 波束形成；广义秩；低复杂度；正定约束；模型失配    

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Impact of “ultra low emission” technology of coal-fired power on PM

Xiao LIU, Zhilin LIU, Weidong JIAO, Xuan LI, Anthony KU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 564-564 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0551-5

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低透气性煤层群无煤柱煤气共采理论与实践

袁亮

《中国工程科学》 2009年 第11卷 第5期   页码 72-80

摘要：

在淮南矿区复杂地质条件低透气性煤层群卸压开采抽采瓦斯多年创新和实践的基础上，提出了首采卸压层无煤柱沿空留巷Y型通风煤气共采新思路；通过对采空区边缘岩体结构变形破坏和裂隙演化规律的分析，揭示了采动影响区内顶底板岩层裂隙的动态演化规律、Y型通风方式下采空区的空气压力场分布及卸压瓦斯的流动规律，通过分析沿空留巷围岩大小结构的变化规律，提出了基于锚杆支护的“三位一体”留巷围岩控制技术；研发成功新型CHCT充填材料、强支撑自移模板液压充填支架、干混料集装箱以及充填泵上料系统，建立机械化快速构筑充填墙体工艺系统，发展和创新了低透气性煤层群无煤柱煤气共采的理论及关键技术。

关键词： 低透气性煤层     无煤柱     沿空留巷     煤层气     煤气共采    

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线性分配方法的逆序问题研究

章玲,周德群

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第2期   页码 50-53

摘要：

指出了线性分配方法的决策结果可能产生逆序，然后提出排序向量和相对分配比 的 概念，以分析线性分配方法决策结果产生逆序的原因，并在此基础上构建顺序线性分配方法 ，最后通过算例验证顺序线性分配方法决策结果的保序性。

关键词： 决策分析     线性分配方法     逆序     保序    

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Application of cable-supported spatial grid in dry coal shed

XING Haidong, HAO Jiping, XU Guobin

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第1期   页码 26-29 doi: 10.1007/s11709-008-0008-8

摘要： This paper presented a new structural style cable-supported spatial grid, which was applied in large span dry coal sheds. The influence of configuration of cable on the force of cable and beam, the ratio of beam force to cable force and the deflection of span was investigated, and a rational configuration of cable was obtained. The results show that the cable-supported spatial grid can maximize the use of material strength, and have the advantages of low usage of steel, large span and sufficient headroom.

关键词： dry     material strength     low     rational configuration     influence    

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An investigation on modification mechanism of CH

Qiang XIN, Shanghong HUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 293-300 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0403-0

摘要： Rising oil price has brought huge cost pressure for low grade highway construction, and it is urgent to find alternative resources. At the same time, there are nearly 50000–60000 tons of low temperature coal output in inner Mongolia region, China, which has high toxicity and high polluting. To make the low temperature coal be applicable for road constructions, the formaldehyde is used as cross linking agent, the concentrated sulfuric acid is used as catalyst, and the chemical modification of low temperature coal tar pitch in Inner Mongolia region is investigated. The road performance (softening point, penetration and ductility) of modified low temperature coal are tested. Results shown that the road performance of modified low temperature coal is increased significantly. Modification mechanism of low temperature coal is studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy and other analytical tools. Results show that, in the modified low temperature coal, resin content increases and the resin fiber diameter becomes larger with the increasing of formaldehyde content.

关键词： low temperature     coal tar pitch     modification     road performance    

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Using heterogeneous patent network features to rank and discover influential inventors

Yong-ping DU,Chang-qing YAO,Nan LI

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第7期   页码 568-578 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400394

摘要： Most classic network entity sorting algorithms are implemented in a homogeneous network, and they are not applicable to a heterogeneous network. Registered patent history data denotes the innovations and the achievements in different research fields. In this paper, we present an iteration algorithm called inventor-ranking, to sort the influences of patent inventors in heterogeneous networks constructed based on their patent data. This approach is a flexible rule-based method, making full use of the features of network topology. We sort the inventors and patents by a set of rules, and the algorithm iterates continuously until it meets a certain convergence condition. We also give a detailed analysis of influential inventor’s interesting topics using a latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) model. Compared with the traditional methods such as PageRank, our approach takes full advantage of the information in the heterogeneous network, including the relationship between inventors and the relationship between the inventor and the patent. Experimental results show that our method can effectively identify the inventors with high influence in patent data, and that it converges faster than PageRank.

关键词： Heterogeneous patent network     Influence     Rule-based ranking    

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应用规范化公式的MCDM保序研究

章玲,周德群,李洪伟,朱佩枫

《中国工程科学》 2006年 第8卷 第12期   页码 85-88

摘要：

规范化公式的应用会破坏方案之间的独立性，导致逆序的产生。提出了两种改进规范化公式的方法以消除逆序，并以加权算术平均（WAA）集结算子的多属性决策分析(MCDM)为例验证了所提出方法的合理性和有效性。改进后的规范化公式不仅可以应用于WAA算子，还可以应用到其他类似的决策算子中。改进后规范化公式的应用可以降低和消除规范化公式对无关方案独立性的影响，使得MCDM决策过程更加合理、科学。

关键词： MCDM决策     规范化公式     无关方案独立性     保序     逆序    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags

Md Tanvir ALAM, Baiqian DAI, Xiaojiang WU, Andrew HOADLEY, Lian ZHANG

期刊论文

Investigation on the performance and detoxification of modified low temperature coal tar pitch

Fengyan SUN, Yu LIU

期刊论文

Innovative approach of low carbon and efficient utilization of coal resources: The polygeneration systemof a combination of the gasified coal gas and the pyrolyzed coal gas to form the synthetic gas

Kechang XIE, Fan LI

期刊论文

Impact of “ultra low emission” technology of coal-fired power on PM

Xiao LIU, Zhilin LIU, Weidong JIAO, Xuan LI, Jintai LIN, Anthony KU

期刊论文

Practice on Ultra-low Emission and Energy Efficient Technologies in Coal-fired Power Plants

Yin-biao Chen,Yi Zhang,Wen Ling

期刊论文

Synergistic utilization of coal and other energy – Key to low carbon economy

Weidou NI, Zhen CHEN

期刊论文

An experimental study on ignition of single coal particles at low oxygen concentrations

Wantao YANG, Yang ZHANG, Lilin HU, Junfu LYU, Hai ZHANG

期刊论文

基于正定约束广义秩信号模型的低复杂度稳健自适应算法

Yu-tang ZHU,Yong-bo ZHAO,Jun LIU,Peng-lang SHUI

期刊论文

Impact of “ultra low emission” technology of coal-fired power on PM

Xiao LIU, Zhilin LIU, Weidong JIAO, Xuan LI, Anthony KU

期刊论文

低透气性煤层群无煤柱煤气共采理论与实践

袁亮

期刊论文

线性分配方法的逆序问题研究

章玲,周德群

期刊论文

Application of cable-supported spatial grid in dry coal shed

XING Haidong, HAO Jiping, XU Guobin

期刊论文

An investigation on modification mechanism of CH

Qiang XIN, Shanghong HUANG

期刊论文

Using heterogeneous patent network features to rank and discover influential inventors

Yong-ping DU,Chang-qing YAO,Nan LI

期刊论文

应用规范化公式的MCDM保序研究

章玲,周德群,李洪伟,朱佩枫

期刊论文